Podstawy aksjologiczne ograniczenia prawa do głosowania nad układem w postępowaniach restrukturyzacyjnych (The Axiological Background of Restrictions on the Right to Vote on Composition Arrangements in Restructuring Proceedings)

Andrzej Wierciński

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities

Law and Forensic Science, Volume 16 (2018/2), pages 35-40.

Submitted: November 20, 2018

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Abstract:  The article discusses the axiological background and the inherent values lying at the root of the provisions of the Restructuring Law which restrict certain creditors from exercising their right to vote in relation to the approval of composition arrangements in the course of restructuring proceedings. The axiology which leads to the exclusion of creditors who are connected in various ways with a debtor range from family connections to corporate relationships within the group of companies to which the debtor belongs. The potential for emotions to prevail in the case of family members or the unclear financial and business connections stem from the management and ownership corporate relationships are seen as a contradiction to the concept of an ideal creditor, who analyses the pros and cons of the prospective arrangement. A different axiology drives the exclusion of creditors who purchase debts after the initiation of restructuring proceedings. The article concludes that, as opposed to prevailing doctrine, the exclusion of those who purchase debts is driven not by the value of keeping such purchasers out of the restructuring picture, but rather to protect the opening of a market of debt trading in which a fair price can be achieved.

Keywords: restructuring law, creditor’s right to vote Continue reading “Podstawy aksjologiczne ograniczenia prawa do głosowania nad układem w postępowaniach restrukturyzacyjnych (The Axiological Background of Restrictions on the Right to Vote on Composition Arrangements in Restructuring Proceedings)”

Consumer Bankruptcy – the Direction of Legislative Changes

Paweł Wrzaszcz

John Paul II Catholic University in Lublin

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Law and Forensic Science, Volume 16 (2018/2), pages 29-34.

Submitted: October 24, 2018

The author declares there is no conflict of interest.

Abstract:  The proposed changes in relation to consumer bankruptcy may constitute a revolutionary legislative change in relation to debtors. Liberalization of regulations in this area will lead to increased amounts of announced consumer bankruptcies. It seems, however, that the proposed changes disturb the balance between the need to protect the interests of creditors and support the legal protection of the debtor. The key is to determine whether State’s task is to protect creditors against insolvent debtors or to support unreliable debtors. Too loose the introduction of legislative changes can significantly reduce social morale and encourage citizens to take unfair actions. The author undertakes an attempt to critically evaluate the proposed changes, referring both to its positive aspects and negative aspects. At the same time, he points out those legal solutions that may have negative consequences for legal transactions, as well as may be subject to negative public perception.

Keywords: bankruptcy, consumer law, law reform

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A New Challenge to the Turkish Family Law Posed by Artificial Insemination: Validity and Consequences of Contract for Surrogate Motherhood

Eylem Apaydın

Kocaeli University

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Law and Forensic Science, Volume 16 (2018/2), pages 15-28.

Submitted: October 20, 2018

The author declares there is no conflict of interest.

Abstract: Contract for surrogate motherhood is an onerous or gratuitous contract where a woman contracts to another, who either cannot produce fertile eggs or cannot carry a pregnancy through to birth, to conceive, gestate and deliver a baby for the intended mother. According to the Turkish Civil Code art.282 para.1 lineage is established between mother and child by birth. Simply, mother is the woman who gave birth to that child. There are two main issues concerning the surrogate motherhood: validity and linage. Contract for surrogate motherhood is void in Turkish law as it is against to the mandatory rules, personal rights and public morality. As for the lineage of the baby, the mother will be the giving birth woman, whether by her own eggs or the intended mother’s fertilized eggs and whose father will be the husband of the giving birth woman at the time, regardless whose sperms were used. This article aims to demonstrate the current problems in surrogate mothering in Turkish law and suggests solutions compared with and inspired by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008, which regulates the contracts surrogate motherhood in the UK.

Keywords: contract for surrogate motherhood, validity of the contract, lineage of a baby, Turkish family law

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Zrzeczenie się prawa do zachowku (Renunciation of the Legitim)

Magdalena Rzewuska

University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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Law and Forensic Science, Volume 16 (2018/2), pages 7-14.

Submitted: October 20, 2018

The author declares there is no conflict of interest.

Abstract: The article discusses the problematic issue of renouncing the right of the legitim. In Poland, there are no legal provisions that directly enable legal successors to renounce the legitim. Some legal experts have attempted to derive the above right from the provisions of Article 1048 of the Civil Code, whereas others have completely ruled out this possibility. The Resolution of the Supreme Court No. III CZP 110/16 of March 17, 2017 plays a significant role in this debate. It provides legal successors with the option of drafting a legally binding document renouncing the right of the legitim. The article analyzes the provisions of the above resolution in view of the most problematic issues, including the legal admissibility of a partial renouncement of the legitim, the possibility of evading the legal consequences of renouncing the legitim, and renouncing the right of the legitim on behalf of another party.

Keywords: legitim, succesion, renunciation

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Transaction Costs of Blockchain Smart Contracts

Jakub J. Szczerbowski

SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities

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Law and Forensic Science, Volume 16 (2018/2), pages 1-6.

Submitted: July 11, 2018.

The author declares there is no conflict of interest.

Abstract: Smart contracts are computer programs executed on virtual machines, which are used to regulate relationships between the subjects of law. They allow parties to foresee, with a high degree of certainty, how will the contractual relationship develop and by the use of blockchain technology they provide a high degree of certainty. It has been conjured that smart contracts will offer significantly lower transaction costs in relation to traditional contracts. The paper analyzes this proposition and finds that not only are the gains doubtful, but also that in some cases transaction costs may be significantly higher.

Keywords: smart contract, transaction costs, blockchain

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